{"id":"W4411570648","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500491","title":"Advances in Lignin Chemistry, Bonding Performance, and Formaldehyde Emission Reduction in Lignin‐Based Urea‐Formaldehyde Adhesives: A Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"ChemSusChem","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune; FPInnovations; Strong; Université Laval","keywords":"Lignin; Formaldehyde; Urea-formaldehyde; Adhesive; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Polymer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004532619,0.00100403,0.002208325,0.0003192195,0.00007794955,0.00005540034,0.0004907676,0.0008156939,0.0000206374],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009843739,0.0009723527,0.0003447038,0.001279817,0.00007909842,0.0005237959,0.0001520608,0.001279237,0.00001123555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005203978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003208509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000222382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.598738e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966908,0.00003373821,0.001398952,0.0007606043,0.0003147626,0.0008011461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986812,0.0001280346,0.0002990321,0.0006183628,0.00004722175,0.000226126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005688801,0.00006629479,0.00003313959,0.6676534,0.00004145502,0.0000244548,0.00007331563,0.00001295474,0.001604922,0.000003878346,0.01752087,0.3129596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004802149,0.00001406445,4.381237e-7,0.2267145,0.0001927872,0.00005710538,0.00004982239,0.0001727064,0.1415774,0.000005399701,0.6299301,0.0008054416],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002836671,0.9586865,0.000001698747,0.00002160144,0.0001891744,0.0008192121,0.00001980307,0.0002497573,0.03972864],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00114654,0.9960316,0.0002504849,0.00002794506,0.0002282602,0.0006315163,0.0003870657,0.0001084201,0.001188105],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6124092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01019038806411142,"score_gpt":0.267302487054333,"score_spread":0.2571120989902216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}