{"id":"W4411673841","doi":"10.3390/plants14131964","title":"Trait-Based Selection of Seeds Ingested and Dispersed by North American Waterfowl","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plants","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades","keywords":"Waterfowl; Biology; Herbaceous plant; Anatidae; Anas; Seed dispersal; Graminoid; Biological dispersal; Carex; Ecology; Cyperaceae; Agronomy; Botany; Plant community; Species richness; Poaceae; Habitat","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003637081,0.00004447517,0.00007783682,0.00002201279,0.00006704298,0.000002524711,0.00003215159,0.00001439334,0.00002892679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008813508,0.00003897497,0.000007544895,0.0001216401,0.0001444872,0.00002585658,0.0000177301,0.00003604827,0.000004836555],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001983659,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003332162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002698489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005330882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996959,0.00001976547,0.00007023138,0.00009545949,0.00003984152,0.00007880144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998753,0.00004411546,0.00003436853,0.00002899415,0.000002594934,0.00001463599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002097411,0.00003046197,0.9936246,0.000005999448,0.00001281536,2.325126e-7,0.0001508647,0.0002379255,0.003614848,0.000005209818,0.0003447371,0.001951288],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001801795,0.00004162327,0.98992,0.000003392811,0.000008524511,3.170652e-7,0.00004623942,0.008153878,0.00143559,0.00001071981,0.0001608807,0.00003870472],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983842,0.000006861154,0.0002190884,0.0001469167,0.00002421661,0.00004997398,0.00001999029,0.00001214082,0.001136567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994641,0.0000100404,0.0001286141,0.0001408322,0.000001275587,0.00000500454,0.00001685218,0.00000161149,0.0002316777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007915953,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2974757,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003977005961733731,"score_gpt":0.2078826840582763,"score_spread":0.2039056780965426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}