{"id":"W4411680689","doi":"10.1080/17457289.2025.2514201","title":"Framing refugees: experimental evidence from the United States, Canada, and Australia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Refugee; Political science; Geography; Law; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008600028,0.0007600934,0.0008492671,0.00141594,0.00851243,0.002749322,0.001556312,0.001078815,0.006121824],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03256026,0.0006632124,0.0004919161,0.002003945,0.005475921,0.001616902,0.002376756,0.001728722,0.0004980963],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01944124,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02470305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9452538,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9691316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944807,0.00256746,0.0001707295,0.000530809,0.001534124,0.0007160697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.97616,0.01046804,0.003022606,0.002087253,0.006152487,0.002109509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01507394,0.04386032,0.4347641,0.001275684,0.0008886426,0.001203565,0.3118367,0.002082203,0.006619043,0.01318262,0.02080385,0.1484094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003663964,0.005047283,0.7292747,0.0007729957,0.0006725755,0.0002496816,0.2212235,0.003944394,0.002201253,0.004706047,0.02788317,0.0003604599],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.991605,0.0001723545,0.0001113437,0.0003085668,0.00002195586,0.0002443265,0.0001003896,0.000004615088,0.007431376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921758,0.0006300739,0.0008058076,0.0006561774,0.00001675347,0.000371095,0.000357761,0.00001400986,0.004972459],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05474615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1410567,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05889485837554535,"score_gpt":0.3669855333235925,"score_spread":0.3080906749480471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}