{"id":"W4411686776","doi":"10.5120/ijca2025925157","title":"PHISHING AND SPAM DETECTION: BASED ON URL HEURISTICS AND EMAIL TEXT ANALYSIS","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Computer Applications","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University","keywords":"Computer science; Phishing; Heuristics; World Wide Web; Information retrieval; The Internet; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002788361,0.00009423483,0.0001499789,0.0007190093,0.000125889,0.0004128362,0.0005175852,0.00004545192,0.000003792725],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002543077,0.00009030829,0.00008624991,0.0005917836,0.00003857272,0.0002569532,0.0001090896,0.0001830765,0.000002279591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006102249,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004621083,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001298638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001101964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990652,0.00004224826,0.0003157162,0.0002006931,0.0002967626,0.00007936917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988315,0.0002897467,0.0002166225,0.0002007732,0.0003954021,0.00006596923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007170228,0.0003153043,0.009889203,0.00002487818,0.001213025,0.00002270995,0.0003819813,0.0288837,0.0005762473,0.06146958,0.001251291,0.8959004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005816913,0.0001127121,0.04005004,0.00005137371,0.0001479273,0.00006915929,0.000008136797,0.9232792,0.0006788772,0.0096156,0.02526694,0.0001383004],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006378774,0.0001030209,0.9892166,0.003183795,0.0005231633,0.00007122591,0.000002738275,0.00003159417,0.0004890374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9546357,0.0000347241,0.04410842,0.0008595339,0.0003112433,0.000008727875,0.000001515148,0.000003527601,0.00003655685],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.948257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3980989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005614574961355218,"score_gpt":0.2552259880890358,"score_spread":0.2496114131276806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}