{"id":"W4411691679","doi":"10.1093/jeea/jvaf023","title":"Expertise","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the European Economic Association","topic":"Innovation, Technology, and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Future Earth","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003604291,0.00003959237,0.00009145085,0.00005153253,0.0003822756,0.00005189548,0.0003520566,0.00005842646,0.00002454655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000717994,0.00003194075,0.0001190269,0.0001245396,0.00005186097,0.0001640828,0.00003778857,0.0001686283,0.00002816471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001650283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001975924,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004351228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000101066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990044,0.0004253445,0.0003102772,0.00004962223,0.00009553417,0.000114784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990476,0.00007194916,0.0006525017,0.00008794889,0.0001253749,0.00001458559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001151065,0.00006872782,0.2438736,0.00000491396,0.0002930501,0.000001649928,0.02677332,0.0001818701,0.0003939932,0.116914,0.5803493,0.03113402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007167963,0.00001761994,0.2322855,0.00004566437,0.00005263508,0.000001133902,0.008895788,0.00005475799,0.0003257931,0.01213875,0.7453408,0.0001247145],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.523287,0.0001029513,0.0003473636,0.029248,0.00408904,0.00008919164,0.000001757995,0.00003287848,0.4428018],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9809074,0.0001229062,0.00007451369,0.0006650695,0.000588603,2.809311e-7,1.651516e-7,0.000004521906,0.01763653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4576204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4315434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01025982092746141,"score_gpt":0.265175582167782,"score_spread":0.2549157612403206,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}