{"id":"W4411713554","doi":"10.1007/s41060-025-00856-2","title":"Toward sustainable smart cities: applications, challenges, and future directions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Data Science and Analytics","topic":"Smart Cities and Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Architectural engineering; Environmental planning; Business; Geography; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003276089,0.0000522267,0.00008010553,0.0003514634,0.00007796747,0.0001319645,0.0006090394,0.00002718516,0.000004449989],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000665412,0.00004456424,0.00001114456,0.0002260447,0.0002015868,0.0008047031,0.0002357451,0.0001029625,3.121543e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005744029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009199921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006177604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000043701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999424,0.00000248543,0.0001523932,0.00009585496,0.000226043,0.00009917766],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993703,0.00003517931,0.00003807388,0.0001490701,0.0003753715,0.00003194229],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007633563,0.00003433939,0.0008348323,0.0001086045,0.0002285648,0.00003777638,0.0004912202,0.00006935905,0.00008437498,0.3269563,0.005833062,0.665314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001178936,0.00001297984,0.001909984,0.00002932766,0.00002114409,0.00006837323,0.009222277,0.003872475,0.00006600359,0.006615147,0.9780055,0.00005887217],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1279841,0.5805262,0.05875462,0.1246176,0.007494982,0.0007499836,0.0005129104,0.0006640307,0.09869545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7684473,0.2280265,0.002622701,0.0001740663,0.0004825697,0.000003758732,0.000008344819,0.000005849291,0.0002289515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9721724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1817277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02942311108253774,"score_gpt":0.2831123824605666,"score_spread":0.2536892713780288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}