{"id":"W4411734470","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87083-5_20","title":"Quality Improvement and Patient Safety in Surgery","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Patient safety; Quality (philosophy); Quality management; Medicine; Operations management; Engineering; Health care; Political science; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001200632,0.0006515296,0.0003635954,0.0009421243,0.001318672,0.003956052,0.000595432,0.001909508,0.02559556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002066623,0.0002433718,0.0002614754,0.001459282,0.002400822,0.003358806,0.001707911,0.003650337,0.007453472],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003362374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003401767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00547407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01673672,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992155,0.0003149973,0.00002237927,0.00004099442,0.0003417911,0.00006437062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992,0.0005180634,0.00003912885,0.00004054487,0.000138529,0.00006379005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005073949,0.00003115851,0.0000587476,0.0001522423,0.000003074153,0.00003868343,0.0006432842,0.0004729454,0.00006909503,0.5405564,0.3548636,0.1031056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003133239,0.00001191283,0.0002269045,0.0003699416,0.000002258437,0.00006624314,0.0002915885,0.0002425818,0.00005052978,0.1368099,0.8619187,0.000006383187],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003931298,0.0304092,0.005689302,0.01978811,0.003426035,0.00003782977,0.00006014507,0.00006988997,0.9401264],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01227512,0.02972784,0.005649645,0.01118263,0.002619602,0.00009490885,0.00007967386,0.0001208001,0.9382498],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02559556,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08562565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01913527587064779,"score_gpt":0.2685135957401275,"score_spread":0.2493783198694797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}