{"id":"W4411734481","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-87083-5_9","title":"Surrogate Endpoints","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Surrogate endpoint; Medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005066027,0.001244758,0.001374033,0.001495492,0.0008310672,0.004187842,0.001840105,0.002183422,0.09654364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02451796,0.0006166585,0.001074592,0.00165913,0.001573771,0.004494751,0.002431303,0.005449543,0.03033916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001015184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001278925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003595313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005192982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967508,0.001638895,0.0001201327,0.0005071654,0.0009042348,0.00007870462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930964,0.004173208,0.0003308329,0.00144585,0.0007753231,0.0001783461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006835465,0.00004027493,0.0001472412,0.0001748764,0.00001945619,0.00006871812,0.00006940248,0.002631807,0.0002249745,0.8382611,0.05728135,0.1010125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001597871,0.00003042435,0.0001038636,0.000181703,0.00001838089,0.0001556357,0.00002889665,0.004894096,0.000385279,0.8401027,0.1540702,0.00001281873],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0008880203,0.002911612,0.6453426,0.003802145,0.001874818,0.0001422122,0.001240969,0.0006008164,0.3431968],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.08102699,0.007374036,0.2865179,0.004033864,0.002926576,0.0008152193,0.003705938,0.001536137,0.6120633],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.994934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3229706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1765225114179264,"score_gpt":0.4084850433595795,"score_spread":0.2319625319416531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}