{"id":"W4411744302","doi":"10.1101/2025.06.25.661535","title":"The spatiotemporal evolution of TMS-evoked potentials reflects direct cortical activation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Neural dynamics and brain function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; Regione Lombardia; European Commission; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica; Massachusetts General Hospital","keywords":"Neuroscience; Cortical neurons; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001874386,0.000193886,0.0001364242,0.000201161,0.00006100653,0.0001787281,0.0001184536,0.0001836315,0.002007138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00102181,0.00007375469,0.00006829947,0.000219216,0.0002889539,0.0002159879,0.0001635553,0.0001787341,0.0002714016],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006933957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005749567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002059481,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002451186,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999071,0.00002143282,0.000007486618,0.00003194091,0.00002245657,0.000009602077],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998211,0.00008854317,0.00003973275,0.00001999712,0.00001770838,0.00001289269],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002375592,0.00002604882,0.004034717,0.00008538473,0.00001984615,0.0001169543,0.00007230907,0.0003892539,0.9791595,0.0002543707,0.00009208198,0.01551213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003668284,0.000752463,0.5540598,0.00002433413,0.00006835169,0.00204138,0.0001678647,0.01011576,0.4285532,0.002302119,0.001859459,0.00001850152],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9623709,0.0005334544,0.03422746,0.00007427666,0.00001928126,0.00004538094,0.0004280151,0.0001814992,0.002119709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964011,0.0001122659,0.002817584,0.00001428806,0.00000970988,0.00001584874,0.0001095699,0.00001951713,0.000500205],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002007138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006714523,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02063792336587049,"score_gpt":0.2463122699669241,"score_spread":0.2256743466010536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}