{"id":"W4411750743","doi":"10.22329/il.v45i2.8854","title":"Arabic Argumentation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Education and Islamic Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Arabic; Linguistics; Epistemology; Sociology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001911199,0.0007105051,0.0003039756,0.002681643,0.003102207,0.003876643,0.000468688,0.000903257,0.03402246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008502492,0.0001530721,0.0003023928,0.002490185,0.001528084,0.003080605,0.002043571,0.0009212133,0.009521348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001664262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001132891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001146691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001684733,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980414,0.0009753034,0.0001638792,0.0002311512,0.0004918906,0.00009645803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965629,0.001527308,0.0003657434,0.0003292917,0.001096229,0.0001184136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002829279,0.00005765748,0.002377709,0.001597368,0.00003220404,0.0008573618,0.02935572,0.0009561579,0.004634394,0.5040336,0.07431179,0.3815032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001128681,0.00001902151,0.001673011,0.0004141038,0.00001068571,0.0005970518,0.005554693,0.001596896,0.001872032,0.0325659,0.9556647,0.00002058834],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05636232,0.006554679,0.0674308,0.007128504,0.001459295,0.0004518869,0.002941445,0.0009254362,0.8567457],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7451349,0.00451139,0.07618466,0.001582302,0.0006465418,0.0005304313,0.0034341,0.0006233085,0.1673524],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03402246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1138164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0296948705145225,"score_gpt":0.3685523488012284,"score_spread":0.3388574782867059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}