{"id":"W4411798677","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003254","title":"The evolution of separate sexes in waterhemp is associated with surprising chromosomal diversity and complexity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Biology","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Genome Canada; University of Toronto; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Weston Family Foundation; University of Chicago","keywords":"Biology; Haplotype; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Population; Genetic variation; Allele; Population genomics; Genotype; Genomics; Gene; Genome","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000833064,0.00006272781,0.0001017765,0.00002642119,0.0002447407,0.000004544101,0.00009120323,0.000111021,0.000004590784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002692293,0.00004474412,0.00001707892,0.00007568041,0.0002232594,0.000001756208,0.0003024459,0.00004778424,2.574453e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001680931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000250509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002379746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007548644,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995398,0.00008131814,0.00008675476,0.0001492204,0.00003399605,0.0001089364],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997678,0.00001872535,0.00005374494,0.00009964415,0.00004615418,0.00001386841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000109565,0.00002011264,0.9512991,0.000007616124,0.00008743221,4.585497e-7,0.0002025526,0.00001325225,0.04749631,0.0005682335,0.00008360577,0.0001117397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007709606,0.0001678018,0.9456409,0.00002167976,0.0000343812,0.000001903621,0.0002292455,0.0001292237,0.04980611,0.002443335,0.0006546739,0.00009976832],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989832,0.000246514,0.0001070068,0.0001257198,0.00003781082,0.00007646774,0.00003436916,0.000003291271,0.0003856308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999622,0.00003399809,0.00005031498,0.00006001482,0.000007508898,7.786289e-7,0.00004636445,0.000001504321,0.0001775397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005658201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1882372,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02071999654763455,"score_gpt":0.237595787307454,"score_spread":0.2168757907598194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}