{"id":"W4411798677","doi":"10.1371/journal.pbio.3003254","title":"The evolution of separate sexes in waterhemp is associated with surprising chromosomal diversity and complexity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS Biology","topic":"Genetic diversity and population structure","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Genome Canada; University of Toronto; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of British Columbia; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Weston Family Foundation; University of Chicago","keywords":"Biology; Haplotype; Evolutionary biology; Genetics; Population; Genetic variation; Allele; Population genomics; Genotype; Genomics; Gene; Genome","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002690124,0.000170729,0.0003209338,0.001005652,0.0004568883,0.0005829041,0.0002446481,0.0003611367,0.001334509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006356557,0.0002288508,0.0003243307,0.0008792564,0.0004056018,0.0004562704,0.0007688137,0.0004126028,0.0002535987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002392188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001677541,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001064687,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003630278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999774,0.00002375554,0.00001419569,0.0001076793,0.00004918448,0.00003112208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995738,0.0001403235,0.0001317892,0.00006992243,0.00003628016,0.00004799136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004927263,0.00003555833,0.1282309,0.0002214838,0.0002514316,0.0007224293,0.00135851,0.001274069,0.8217003,0.002407037,0.0002645839,0.04304093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003630399,0.0001513535,0.9619315,0.00004306054,0.0001304922,0.001066863,0.0004525967,0.003349374,0.01870255,0.003437759,0.01064261,0.00005553189],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994547,0.0003046865,0.003408746,0.00003619675,0.000003825872,0.000007153209,0.0008371758,0.00008248512,0.0007727974],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948797,0.0001845081,0.002348623,0.00006169935,0.000006996144,0.00001492299,0.001926972,0.00006275153,0.000513823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001334509,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004464388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02071999654763455,"score_gpt":0.237595787307454,"score_spread":0.2168757907598194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}