{"id":"W4411806482","doi":"10.1037/mot0000404","title":"Harming in order to help: An empirical characterization of prosocial aggression.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Motivation Science","topic":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Prosocial behavior; Aggression; Psychology; Characterization (materials science); Order (exchange); Empirical research; Social psychology; Economics; Mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002674508,0.0002237319,0.000223377,0.001405924,0.000803565,0.001247791,0.0003118823,0.0006069107,0.001413068],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009571859,0.0002178616,0.0001663871,0.0006533587,0.002785825,0.0008343633,0.001181574,0.000911679,0.0001352515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004938766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004192087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009377933,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002578817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982728,0.001042803,0.00007836749,0.00022177,0.0003057626,0.00007853846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9924527,0.003065704,0.002874646,0.0006414425,0.0005778913,0.000387557],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001568446,0.0007893063,0.8227123,0.0005191352,0.0002846751,0.0004288338,0.05307353,0.0004581029,0.0132209,0.03028606,0.0009762549,0.07709407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001030141,0.0002406859,0.9662257,0.0001025198,0.00005814082,0.001736264,0.01829049,0.001031807,0.0008037161,0.007255858,0.004204219,0.00004033285],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808796,0.0007772985,0.003311049,0.0003753832,0.00001632302,0.00004587348,0.00005541921,0.000008482932,0.01453051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981351,0.0002302146,0.001019311,0.0000961007,0.000008899469,0.00003676302,0.0000299183,0.000005078397,0.0004385986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002674508,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0141443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04181219284866561,"score_gpt":0.381106729779694,"score_spread":0.3392945369310284,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}