{"id":"W4411823757","doi":"10.3390/math13132128","title":"Markov Observation Models and Deepfakes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematics","topic":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Markov chain; Computer science; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00141451,0.0008177921,0.0006402331,0.000682471,0.0002822038,0.0008583111,0.001321936,0.001444872,0.003716274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005014472,0.0005942888,0.0006634649,0.0005866113,0.001280686,0.002189712,0.001119851,0.002284722,0.0007031997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008144407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007447621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002482971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002539249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993744,0.0002188259,0.00002921466,0.0001885872,0.0001234612,0.00006551888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975684,0.001771008,0.0002350241,0.0002466934,0.0001284085,0.00005042198],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006640766,0.00002622098,0.0009018496,0.0001073898,0.00004594045,0.0001589528,0.0001288563,0.6293585,0.002289481,0.3214101,0.001841902,0.04366443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004974788,0.00001763924,0.0001403654,0.00001601057,0.00000758883,0.00005373812,0.000006806827,0.8742296,0.0007731108,0.122588,0.002150878,0.00001127657],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006969177,0.000524976,0.9894634,0.0003852215,0.00006165646,0.00001940876,0.0001353895,0.0003635818,0.002077085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6818777,0.001722789,0.300298,0.000463039,0.0002143072,0.0002409828,0.0005915693,0.0002319057,0.01435974],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003716274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01243216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02492154661474479,"score_gpt":0.2391658766948155,"score_spread":0.2142443300800707,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}