{"id":"W4411869599","doi":"10.11647/obp.0462.49","title":"Introduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Open Book Publishers","topic":"University Challenges and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000588436,0.0005933973,0.0005216052,0.0009691386,0.002298319,0.007445676,0.001213446,0.002527847,0.4096814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002589703,0.0002553972,0.0004510474,0.001425195,0.001312572,0.004473096,0.003013107,0.002333999,0.2413734],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002266385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002585109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002407573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00401555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988599,0.0001288682,0.00004321898,0.0002444196,0.0005964751,0.00012721],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990621,0.0001305012,0.00004935764,0.0001197846,0.0003779914,0.00026034],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001647944,0.00002685702,0.0001875485,0.0001490912,0.000002074812,0.00009121478,0.0003679421,0.00005921166,0.0001927823,0.04995048,0.8601571,0.0887993],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000100794,0.000005303926,0.0001142719,0.00007034281,4.355086e-7,0.0000698554,0.0001188925,0.00001241654,0.00002397142,0.002415535,0.997166,0.000001966786],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.000546123,0.003362821,0.001144876,0.007633447,0.005818915,0.00006365927,0.0005762127,0.0003593696,0.9804945],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003238305,0.001955122,0.0006506916,0.003073026,0.001030602,0.00003676933,0.0004862739,0.0001369588,0.9893923],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4096814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8420178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02347755688964717,"score_gpt":0.2731240514789106,"score_spread":0.2496464945892634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}