{"id":"W4411871154","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107464","title":"Effect of surface roughness on axial soil-pipe interaction: a discrete element approach","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Geotechnics","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; University Grants Committee","keywords":"Surface roughness; Surface finish; Surface (topology); Finite element method; Discrete element method; Element (criminal law); Geology; Geotechnical engineering; Geometry; Materials science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001426556,0.0001966804,0.0002731817,0.00008155699,0.00004895782,0.00003363336,0.0001492505,0.0001235115,0.000001800507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001151763,0.0001673086,0.00007427398,0.0001896998,0.00003527318,0.00004283673,0.00007494164,0.0002841901,6.007956e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003859463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005635616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001072022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.943537e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992876,0.00002290236,0.0002052588,0.0001928423,0.0001077293,0.0001836704],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995471,0.0001295681,0.00002469258,0.0002414674,0.00001438247,0.00004274784],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003432939,0.00001116367,0.000007079124,0.0003953215,0.00004994386,0.000001303616,0.0000222694,0.9776335,0.0005567284,0.001985319,0.0005348338,0.01876815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005433448,0.000317039,0.0002036045,0.0001806749,0.00003494584,0.00000627401,0.00001182459,0.9852667,0.006561448,0.0003786286,0.006284535,0.0002109474],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2702933,0.0003940407,0.7263962,0.00007611715,0.0007707057,0.0002353852,0.000006300224,0.000421781,0.001406221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983767,0.00007430805,0.001417933,0.0000227856,0.0000348604,0.000008756203,0.000009187394,0.00001451289,0.00004090982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7280835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6822649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003995000636494118,"score_gpt":0.2181972347420079,"score_spread":0.2142022341055138,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}