{"id":"W4411909673","doi":"10.1002/adma.202505793","title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerators Enable Multifunctional Ice Accretion, Melting, and Interfacial Fracture Detection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministère de la Défense Nationale; University of Toronto; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Triboelectric effect; Icing; Materials science; Rope; Composite material; Mechanical engineering; Meteorology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001663114,0.000248158,0.0003068457,0.0001616769,0.0001841173,0.0001014148,0.00008260839,0.0001466796,0.0001601738],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002419975,0.0002442884,0.00002891411,0.0002339388,0.00003323326,0.0003261486,0.00003213611,0.00008799971,0.00001460612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001576942,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002400103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001516455,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988629,0.0000488843,0.0003750639,0.0002875565,0.0001199144,0.0003056922],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995452,0.00006804733,0.00006941597,0.0001630368,0.00009892718,0.00005541094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007671877,0.000007273692,0.000008539789,0.00007931597,0.00002964327,0.000001625977,0.00003132292,0.03201671,0.9605864,0.0001604928,0.0001588814,0.006843025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005358454,0.00002990843,0.0002332031,0.00004918073,0.00002263085,0.000008030922,0.00002282644,0.0003220549,0.9674298,0.001243681,0.02987828,0.000224535],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.965016,0.0004629714,0.02997012,0.00002585128,0.002931995,0.0001909529,0.00002827279,0.0005953329,0.0007784744],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967548,0.0001917328,0.00211212,0.0001291281,0.0002578357,0.00006828078,0.00003861691,0.0000387969,0.0004086794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03173878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9961791,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00458569830360473,"score_gpt":0.2122382323145413,"score_spread":0.2076525340109366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}