{"id":"W4411922740","doi":"10.2147/eb.s516163","title":"A Novel Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Biomarker of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Identified Using Longitudinal in vivo Ocular Imaging","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Eye and Brain","topic":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; University of British Columbia; University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ALS Society of Canada","keywords":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Nerve fiber layer; Retinal; Medicine; Biomarker; In vivo; Retina; Neuroscience; Pathology; Ophthalmology; Biology; Disease","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003647479,0.0003957858,0.000250797,0.000798432,0.0001855061,0.0002758019,0.000151899,0.0004120152,0.0005479206],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001778051,0.0001524896,0.0001863558,0.0002156519,0.0001911863,0.0003578538,0.000247234,0.0003301688,0.000195818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000279794,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001601597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007241767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001374257,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998853,0.00001901728,0.00001145483,0.00003458174,0.00002708193,0.0000225822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997531,0.00001310938,0.000124342,0.00001446827,0.00005507014,0.00004000921],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001399981,0.00003690919,0.006278778,0.00004022846,0.00001079647,0.00009713823,0.00002290252,0.00003542843,0.9912283,0.00002339654,0.00003318476,0.002052848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002360335,0.00174357,0.2498236,0.00003947657,0.0002120954,0.00345705,0.0001540066,0.003609597,0.738874,0.0001231645,0.001918564,0.00002131747],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9895415,0.002312003,0.0067717,0.00006133266,0.00001215902,0.00004748107,0.0003433585,0.0001046662,0.0008057583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9834675,0.001536674,0.01229104,0.00006295091,0.00001276812,0.0000989358,0.0005099236,0.00001808862,0.002002199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000798432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002030075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05797216215808317,"score_gpt":0.3372519566770898,"score_spread":0.2792797945190066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}