{"id":"W4411957790","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102220","title":"Is the future of chemistry human and/or machine creativity?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Matter","topic":"Biomedical and Engineering Education","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Creativity; Chemistry; Cognitive science; Nanotechnology; Computer science; Psychology; Materials science; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000217325,0.00003897641,0.00004512964,0.000009700451,0.00001379346,0.000005596087,0.00003796475,0.00003151641,0.0006089159],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001066952,0.00002324309,0.00001084113,0.00005327209,0.0000174841,0.00001137552,0.00001118481,0.00006024139,0.000006774715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005559311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002015479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006149549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.152311e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998397,0.000001540814,0.00004924739,0.00003706893,0.00002693991,0.0000455087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998872,0.00001050897,0.00000384113,0.00008358144,0.000003666337,0.00001118558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008580886,0.00008069046,0.0264116,0.00592574,0.0001770029,0.00000164657,0.001679998,0.00008399257,0.1192846,0.0004316646,0.8208601,0.02505439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006035323,0.00001729424,0.3791472,0.0003374642,0.00006928734,0.000009261228,0.0002469314,0.006287141,0.09781015,0.002082365,0.513046,0.000343357],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9553544,0.001881655,0.001412815,0.02074124,0.0005583736,0.0000822474,0.0000179582,0.0001177542,0.01983357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949139,0.00001573394,0.00005909057,0.0003666551,0.00007912856,0.000005592248,0.00000361162,0.000004595749,0.004551722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3527356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6667203,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004122499648872665,"score_gpt":0.2189739554490196,"score_spread":0.2148514558001469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}