{"id":"W4411966475","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.117826","title":"Human-centric ensemble AI for hydrothermal carbonization modeling and hydrochar properties prediction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of environmental chemical engineering","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Hydrothermal carbonization; Hydrothermal circulation; Carbonization; Environmental science; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Adsorption; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001225642,0.001010927,0.0008878418,0.0009060929,0.0003612412,0.0007869303,0.0009350998,0.0006779708,0.001140722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002437912,0.0003574639,0.0009830648,0.0008104811,0.0002792839,0.0006690776,0.0007503286,0.001147773,0.0002135772],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006998745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008335278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01084209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009106521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996355,0.0001116921,0.00002375447,0.0001064502,0.00008046586,0.00004224838],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991,0.0005452848,0.00008260661,0.00006361661,0.0001783614,0.00003004932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005102422,0.00004927406,0.002607653,0.00003118872,0.0001006371,0.00003977964,0.00005135971,0.9419475,0.001098527,0.001010612,0.0003319427,0.05268054],"study_design_scores_gemma":[9.042636e-7,0.00001117248,0.000179473,0.000001567258,0.000006866189,0.000003720167,0.000004005249,0.9990139,0.0002062528,0.0004888886,0.00008111149,0.000002098255],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1385721,0.0007607999,0.8563401,0.0002551113,0.00005426972,0.00008174471,0.0003320682,0.0009066726,0.002697213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9172579,0.000247673,0.0808709,0.00008235209,0.00003838262,0.000140405,0.0003843397,0.00002703317,0.0009510953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01084209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02155793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004996326708505453,"score_gpt":0.1716741389873957,"score_spread":0.1666778122788903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}