{"id":"W4411970703","doi":"10.3389/fenve.2025.1601213","title":"Two-decade spatiotemporal variations in ground-level ozone over Ontario, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering","topic":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Ground Level Ozone; Ozone; Environmental science; Ground level; Geography; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Geology; Engineering; Civil engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002599915,0.0002871513,0.0002304966,0.0007058985,0.001091825,0.0007656249,0.0006605847,0.0002900499,0.001090653],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008765265,0.0001686989,0.0004080278,0.002064434,0.0003826343,0.0003082937,0.0004606586,0.000234388,0.00018793],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01445994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01442001,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9957945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9976029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997656,0.00001343179,0.00001614434,0.00006384047,0.0000692749,0.00007182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991335,0.00005392203,0.0001269267,0.00005286415,0.0005237021,0.0001089852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001553276,0.00003860411,0.9680615,0.0001449756,0.0001957245,0.0002508361,0.000766856,0.006544602,0.001687646,0.0003694196,0.0103935,0.01139108],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007151605,0.00000726704,0.9901776,0.00002242222,0.00002868584,0.00002292762,0.0005175616,0.004056884,0.0001779566,0.00003989161,0.004929638,0.00001207537],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9320505,0.0005204065,0.0007062095,0.0004467261,0.00001981223,0.00003756519,0.06286012,0.00007625316,0.003282543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9693047,0.0003438755,0.0007999265,0.00006484804,0.000007509927,0.00002941784,0.02680535,0.00001299526,0.002631429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01445994,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1049147,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004087214848866098,"score_gpt":0.1571409903255828,"score_spread":0.1530537754767167,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}