{"id":"W4411977849","doi":"10.1089/dia.2025.0129","title":"Research Gaps, Challenges, and Opportunities in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics","topic":"Diabetes Management and Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Insulin delivery; Diabetes mellitus; Delivery system; Insulin; Data science; Intensive care medicine; Type 1 diabetes; Internal medicine; Biomedical engineering; Endocrinology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002073038,0.0005568435,0.002412671,0.006139832,0.0001310014,0.00007766526,0.0006789147,0.001691325,0.00001022092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008417308,0.0004554314,0.0001720683,0.001674166,0.0009675604,0.00007020756,0.0008391947,0.002262861,0.00004530011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002687728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006122337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004178767,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000450148,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960124,0.0006035396,0.0008207324,0.0007892142,0.0005644941,0.001209569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974987,0.000826771,0.0001702677,0.001054414,0.0003337181,0.0001161322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000678911,0.0001956057,0.0000762377,0.05474013,0.0008966803,0.0001109453,0.00003259307,9.587936e-8,0.000001850041,0.003906327,0.0003633009,0.9396694],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005534001,0.0003481331,0.00003224408,0.0384431,0.0008014377,0.000004310243,0.0004826223,0.000315403,0.00000355632,0.00033766,0.9583454,0.0003327405],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006286826,0.990261,1.912187e-7,0.00162911,0.0002035347,0.002348538,0.00002779764,0.0008937019,0.004007478],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003827327,0.9954916,0.00003860142,0.0001288294,0.00006433571,0.0007379082,0.0001454809,0.00009272843,0.002917739],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9579821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2200289960912356,"score_gpt":0.415921766676318,"score_spread":0.1958927705850824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}