{"id":"W4411992169","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111380","title":"Investigation of effectiveness of toroidal ring crack arrestors for running ductile fracture control in CO2 pipelines using fluid-structure interaction analyses","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","topic":"Material Properties and Failure Mechanisms","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Western University","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western University","keywords":"Toroid; Fracture (geology); Pipeline transport; Structural engineering; Materials science; Composite material; Engineering; Forensic engineering; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005862644,0.0002733608,0.0005798631,0.0002792456,0.00006261285,0.00004436855,0.0002030929,0.0002441884,0.00004292213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003019041,0.0002396889,0.0001039313,0.0002731192,0.00001783633,0.0002904017,0.00004513925,0.0001932632,3.423095e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001374156,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006735667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003238996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001702073,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985802,0.00008868205,0.0005591091,0.0003242319,0.0001896893,0.0002580438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989786,0.0002497134,0.0002867712,0.0002488486,0.000191022,0.00004502565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001702756,0.000007559092,0.0000472427,0.0007249622,0.00001992226,6.289372e-7,0.0001335451,0.3825588,0.6158772,0.0004367908,0.000005614203,0.00001750545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005888023,0.00005744983,0.0001572254,0.0007231747,0.00006667749,0.000002236903,0.00008437551,0.2130918,0.7839211,0.0009103972,0.0002385012,0.0001583515],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.588527,0.0001972182,0.4095159,0.00002588336,0.001320621,0.000346316,0.00002972453,0.0000359871,0.000001278829],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9901456,0.000004324564,0.009551671,0.0000592545,0.0001526287,0.00002325497,0.00002718382,0.00003243878,0.000003602298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4016186,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.977423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01831902074091964,"score_gpt":0.2718445472837995,"score_spread":0.2535255265428799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}