{"id":"W4412011281","doi":"10.2196/66766","title":"How Learning Styles Characterize Medical Students, Surgical Residents, Medical Staff, and General Surgery Teachers While Learning Surgery: Scoping Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"JMIR Medical Education","topic":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preprint; Medical education; Medicine; Learning styles; Surgery; Psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00873104,0.001054886,0.00452407,0.0007292315,0.0004891079,0.0005028889,0.001278416,0.002211119,0.01428023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02662,0.0008584636,0.001004226,0.000999126,0.0006068043,0.000234946,0.0006844953,0.005260346,0.0001431946],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000211404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01357251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002286782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004704085,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9819956,0.007532855,0.002214305,0.001770394,0.005318921,0.001167958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869932,0.009005409,0.001439,0.0005432153,0.0002822867,0.001736872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000167141,0.000729458,0.005335663,0.05316529,0.0003444222,0.0002688063,0.0003372195,3.400121e-9,7.013998e-9,0.0001518756,0.02313712,0.9165134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002380703,0.00005498263,0.001722973,0.4317549,0.000399672,0.0002996195,0.0005594184,0.000001539762,2.012385e-8,0.000003289888,0.5643843,0.0005812123],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003516578,0.9856377,0.00001786867,0.005565685,0.002324333,0.001697876,0.00001097383,0.0002573525,0.0009715863],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003450857,0.9780493,0.000008061836,0.001125885,0.002499197,0.002091573,0.002258691,0.0001222348,0.01349999],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9159322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04401150778649086,"score_gpt":0.4244869075536603,"score_spread":0.3804753997671694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}