{"id":"W4412014546","doi":"10.18280/isi.300510","title":"Phishing URL Detection Using Deep Learning: A Resilient Approach to Mitigating Emerging Cybersecurity Threats","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ingénierie des systèmes d information","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Phishing; Computer security; Computer science; Internet privacy; Data science; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009259643,0.0002281427,0.0002209207,0.0006715254,0.001114724,0.001013161,0.000460739,0.0001494257,0.000001989886],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005535724,0.0002507469,0.00009638574,0.001700332,0.00004554519,0.004984348,0.000255186,0.0003565046,0.0000206651],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006870999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007364505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003304008,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002734323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998125,0.000151301,0.0006093635,0.0003176549,0.0003774705,0.0004191725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998854,0.00007951329,0.0003020712,0.0003729899,0.0002808155,0.0001105994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004191487,0.00004758888,0.001978718,0.0004620419,0.00006568052,0.000001655662,0.05289739,0.1039332,0.004355079,0.01072195,0.00004137012,0.8254535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003306667,0.00007833898,0.003801229,0.0003198266,0.00002326053,0.00004146398,0.002549555,0.9745982,0.01027625,0.006428165,0.001184621,0.0003684619],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2693424,0.00009048093,0.715951,0.00003706111,0.0006370948,0.0002976296,5.903362e-7,0.0004272278,0.01321653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9669048,0.000007160899,0.03269906,0.0001985895,0.00007779984,0.0000515574,0.000009318823,0.000009743051,0.00004201292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.870665,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01614966110106428,"score_gpt":0.2491242612582201,"score_spread":0.2329746001571558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}