{"id":"W4412025022","doi":"10.1088/2752-5295/adec0f","title":"Disentangling the roles of natural variability and climate change in Canada’s 2023 fire season","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Research Climate","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility","keywords":"Climate change; Natural (archaeology); Geography; Climatology; Environmental science; Physical geography; Ecology; Archaeology; Geology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006267668,0.0001852272,0.0001698246,0.0007839088,0.001320359,0.0010866,0.0004933157,0.0002362889,0.001725486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001722037,0.0001105577,0.0003421664,0.001339928,0.0002983169,0.0001970116,0.0005647837,0.0004296493,0.0001617271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007434767,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01161077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.981002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9921266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996347,0.0000274556,0.0000156497,0.00005013476,0.0001190675,0.000153017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980862,0.0002032725,0.0002634938,0.00007623367,0.0009041484,0.0004666824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009307088,0.00002214655,0.9923573,0.00001129676,0.00005837395,0.00004070187,0.0003399877,0.0007601902,0.0004606805,0.0002643213,0.00137448,0.004217561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001331778,0.000005368545,0.9970735,0.000007455605,0.000007857913,0.00001024857,0.0005170551,0.0008989562,0.00009837106,0.00002861484,0.001346855,0.000004378312],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880025,0.0001665944,0.0003440281,0.0002532677,0.0000156506,0.00002405592,0.006468855,0.00001335516,0.004711633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973654,0.00005306341,0.0001668642,0.00004215485,0.000003498469,0.000009874612,0.001659349,0.000004759338,0.0006950279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01899797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05394328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01265370623629263,"score_gpt":0.2772447460182759,"score_spread":0.2645910397819832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}