{"id":"W4412040621","doi":"10.1080/13621025.2025.2523251","title":"Suspended identity: statelessness, citizenship challenges and the impermanence of identity status faced by Pakistani Bengalis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Citizenship Studies","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Lahore University of Management Sciences","keywords":"Citizenship; Statelessness; Impermanence; Identity (music); Gender studies; Sociology; Political science; Law; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023331,0.0002756983,0.0003511799,0.0006429735,0.0158535,0.007264876,0.000730832,0.001251642,0.002692697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004459997,0.0002676346,0.000187301,0.0007739976,0.01956472,0.003507901,0.007728865,0.002645692,0.0002497282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002948322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003325127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02842706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03630111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976647,0.001236604,0.00006648045,0.0001264164,0.0002205459,0.0006852703],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981021,0.0006925756,0.0004661556,0.000145526,0.0001788738,0.0004148293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001569666,0.00001270375,0.00700142,0.00001896639,0.000003125651,0.000642279,0.9832833,0.000008597914,0.0002444959,0.005611974,0.0003027864,0.002854684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001132634,0.00001307467,0.003715171,0.00002462468,0.000001812512,0.0001649411,0.9912812,0.000009613558,0.00005451336,0.0004551407,0.004273536,0.000005212325],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9873998,0.0003212909,0.0001378972,0.002222218,0.00003802468,0.000006996715,0.000009034669,0.000002965852,0.009861894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990838,0.0001212992,0.00002010417,0.0001170199,0.000006558135,0.000002910488,0.000003364403,0.000001661937,0.0006434238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02842706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0565232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04503858323521157,"score_gpt":0.3673505463327273,"score_spread":0.3223119630975158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}