{"id":"W4412040621","doi":"10.1080/13621025.2025.2523251","title":"Suspended identity: statelessness, citizenship challenges and the impermanence of identity status faced by Pakistani Bengalis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Citizenship Studies","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Arts and Humanities Research Council; Lahore University of Management Sciences","keywords":"Citizenship; Statelessness; Impermanence; Identity (music); Gender studies; Sociology; Political science; Law; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002165731,0.0002154869,0.0005215617,0.0001076188,0.001054714,0.0001863486,0.0003367378,0.0001134224,0.00004515405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002258204,0.0001604266,0.0001004921,0.0003751105,0.001866657,0.0004268674,0.0001385081,0.0002015073,0.000004568631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001372574,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000142882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001642885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05024565,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972942,0.0008147538,0.0004965765,0.0003603125,0.0006136529,0.0004204802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977622,0.001012275,0.0002469512,0.000265115,0.0006393652,0.00007408574],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008050168,0.00001616491,0.002804208,0.00017702,0.0002713672,0.000001399325,0.1162948,4.964821e-7,0.0002535165,0.8719931,0.006758799,0.00134865],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001569595,0.00004683873,0.01850761,0.0001878889,0.0001787878,5.549805e-7,0.3984888,0.00001323791,0.00116995,0.5770388,0.002497298,0.0003006614],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8705127,0.1047685,0.0002620762,0.003914813,0.0005462555,0.0007037852,0.0001004065,0.00009992719,0.01909154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8876591,0.1107651,0.00002579272,0.0001478928,0.00006805047,0.00005498021,0.00001534284,0.000009013131,0.00125471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2949543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9670849,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04503858323521157,"score_gpt":0.3673505463327273,"score_spread":0.3223119630975158,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}