{"id":"W4412082903","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf114","title":"Balancing scores and causal diagrams","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Epidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Confounding; Propensity score matching; Medicine; Outcome (game theory); Statistics; Internal medicine; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001791712,0.00009227822,0.0003569699,0.0002129117,0.00002175508,0.000009013345,0.0002820166,0.00008498422,0.00003548843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01760391,0.00007178164,0.00007072843,0.0000513358,0.0001317407,0.0001346918,0.0001013415,0.0002554675,0.000001327653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008353103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005397887,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001548868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000185591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987286,0.0002078638,0.0007074083,0.0001057924,0.0001050015,0.0001452725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993425,0.005606144,0.000470678,0.00009371001,0.0003554826,0.00004902173],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006061431,0.0000372404,0.09666541,0.00001365574,0.0001720855,0.00004660972,0.00005786923,0.00001447039,0.0009752891,0.866109,0.0106419,0.02520591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002309028,0.0000712323,0.01185979,0.0001816827,0.00001935636,0.0001798656,0.00002633766,0.0001331456,0.000827911,0.9819652,0.004446125,0.00005841027],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2931044,0.001216152,0.692425,0.008856602,0.001493141,0.00009402176,0.000006193057,0.00005656359,0.002747897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8844368,0.0005037314,0.1129364,0.001675285,0.0002509579,0.000003760257,0.000001590936,0.000007582657,0.0001839705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5913324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9906712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1556345192934624,"score_gpt":0.4916669529493379,"score_spread":0.3360324336558755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}