{"id":"W4412105036","doi":"10.1080/1369183x.2025.2513166","title":"Digital internal bordering: surveillance, data-sharing, and the fate of sanctuary cities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies","topic":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Leverhulme Trust; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Geography; Irregular migration; Economic geography; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004313504,0.0001727349,0.0002011982,0.001542982,0.005387856,0.01253739,0.0009210141,0.001221643,0.005236315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01504727,0.0001891701,0.0001837033,0.001831642,0.01464865,0.007685364,0.007554044,0.002031814,0.0003523464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003832364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002927602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02111669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02167879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975327,0.001390175,0.00008958621,0.0002308806,0.000314224,0.0004424517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9919289,0.003338331,0.002308536,0.001029908,0.000718022,0.0006762783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001925232,0.0001511711,0.2175874,0.0001963374,0.00004018658,0.001088521,0.4051955,0.0007295518,0.0005969398,0.2717316,0.006397912,0.09609225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002240295,0.0001079033,0.1128934,0.001056966,0.00004146487,0.0007324208,0.7631783,0.001494583,0.0009411387,0.03479208,0.08466662,0.00007275827],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9303277,0.001052475,0.00131915,0.01114279,0.00005827334,0.000022663,0.000110973,0.00002202245,0.05594394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982947,0.0003526125,0.0001703304,0.0001845472,0.00001069429,0.000004438284,0.0000276794,0.00000641032,0.0009486307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02111669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0419876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07760213754147821,"score_gpt":0.3939487361264032,"score_spread":0.316346598584925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}