{"id":"W4412111449","doi":"10.46991/sl/2025.100.104","title":"SAME GENUS, DIFFERENT INTENT: DISTINGUISHING PERSECUTION AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY FROM GENOCIDE","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"State and Law","topic":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Persecution; Genocide; Humanity; Criminology; Crimes against humanity; Zoology; Psychology; Biology; Political science; Law; War crime","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002823515,0.0004585792,0.000513108,0.003576647,0.003653148,0.007614725,0.0009315685,0.002956384,0.001694814],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009742906,0.0002529692,0.0005449714,0.002357027,0.05404457,0.008659351,0.006124754,0.004087637,0.000256024],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003093311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002950723,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003589639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005152787,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951149,0.002723574,0.0002232582,0.0003110298,0.001069424,0.0005577492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949941,0.002847684,0.0008383369,0.0005688539,0.000430728,0.0003203113],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001420922,0.0000099102,0.003901013,0.00003748344,0.000003659065,0.0002405098,0.02253312,0.00008366816,0.0001663006,0.9667149,0.0004807104,0.005814464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001515543,0.00009305812,0.04632757,0.0007830815,0.00003317517,0.001663854,0.1061648,0.00121643,0.0008615712,0.7792773,0.06349599,0.00006791624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.411153,0.01145227,0.02214234,0.04744866,0.001135373,0.0001410197,0.0001001691,0.00006965436,0.5063574],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.990154,0.001651473,0.002827412,0.001867017,0.0002210414,0.00005854473,0.00004292777,0.00002612695,0.003151398],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007614725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02244371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01382126435348584,"score_gpt":0.2885767465014102,"score_spread":0.2747554821479243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}