{"id":"W4412149184","doi":"10.1149/2754-2734/adeda4","title":"Large-Scale Electrosynthesis of Carbon Nano-Onions from CO<sub>2</sub> as a Potential Replacement for Carbon Black","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ECS Advances","topic":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carbon Engineering (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Electrosynthesis; Carbon fibers; Carbon black; Scale (ratio); Chemistry; Materials science; Electrochemistry; Electrode; Geography; Physical chemistry; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Cartography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003257885,0.0001686939,0.0003240113,0.0000785784,0.0001152956,0.00004949587,0.0002131961,0.00008592962,0.00006119379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001147993,0.0001584815,0.000081891,0.0001375307,0.00009858091,0.0001304558,0.00004586501,0.00004085821,0.00001053258],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007492599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008603842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001748891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006229409,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985304,0.00008234423,0.0003987771,0.0004306277,0.000228902,0.0003289768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991855,0.0001345306,0.0001724959,0.0003596566,0.0001019339,0.00004587383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002395698,0.0001044962,0.0002245744,0.00005008627,0.00001693923,3.839216e-7,0.0003519382,0.00008427677,0.9983905,0.0002257273,0.0001124966,0.0001989986],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004874711,0.0001353155,0.0003926846,0.0000630968,0.00006225259,5.032661e-7,0.00059764,0.0007366576,0.9914449,0.003117318,0.00280413,0.0001580657],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951774,0.0007183701,0.0007430564,0.0001820503,0.00109026,0.0004333981,0.0002434113,0.00006304828,0.001349002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983071,0.0002781585,0.0008971249,0.00005090369,0.0001977557,0.0001381139,0.00004053913,0.00001711019,0.00007316653],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006945648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.646269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006210126097487876,"score_gpt":0.2442539402388409,"score_spread":0.238043814141353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}