{"id":"W4412361594","doi":"10.1029/2025sw004435","title":"Ionospheric Scintillation and Geomagnetic Disturbance Caused by Space Hurricanes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Space Weather","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Earth's magnetic field; Scintillation; Interplanetary scintillation; Ionosphere; Disturbance (geology); Space weather; Geomagnetic storm; Meteorology; Environmental science; Atmospheric sciences; Space (punctuation); Geology; Geophysics; Physics; Computer science; Nuclear physics; Magnetic field; Solar wind; Coronal mass ejection; Optics; Geomorphology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001550238,0.0002031194,0.0001451119,0.0006274724,0.0002259933,0.0003407209,0.00008567912,0.0001441415,0.0004683466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006027555,0.0001015726,0.0001387056,0.000463197,0.0001792541,0.0001330617,0.0002766328,0.0001242335,0.00009558348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002834228,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001529688,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008298981,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008931494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999206,0.000009749755,0.000006781727,0.00001521473,0.00002847667,0.00001915441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996823,0.000043248,0.0001660405,0.00001776959,0.00005148377,0.00003920614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001939848,0.00002525826,0.9787034,0.00002080331,0.00005207459,0.0004771855,0.0002012555,0.002584754,0.01322956,0.00004859657,0.0001595907,0.004303558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000369519,0.0000715827,0.9951383,0.000003847872,0.00001237487,0.0001372428,0.000120651,0.003056588,0.0011879,0.0000236281,0.0002400929,0.000004036725],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994968,0.00003143274,0.00007120065,0.000005163797,0.000002049154,0.000002476891,0.00008981262,0.000006282557,0.0002947466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997318,0.0000223337,0.00003758746,0.000002615157,0.000003292578,0.000001169705,0.0001452069,9.486677e-7,0.00005496781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008298981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01650137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00221896698536211,"score_gpt":0.2008071585349249,"score_spread":0.1985881915495628,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}