{"id":"W4412362190","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70193","title":"A Framework to Determine Present and Future Effects of Rain‐on‐Snow on Spring Hydrology and Nutrient Loading in the Lake Erie Basin","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrological Processes","topic":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto Scarborough; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Nature Conservancy of Canada; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Hydrology (agriculture); Spring (device); Environmental science; Snow; Structural basin; Nutrient; Geology; Geomorphology; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001281352,0.0005128508,0.000319361,0.001130419,0.000495531,0.001618949,0.0007642866,0.0005859117,0.0009677228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00173176,0.0003768397,0.000711786,0.0004500926,0.0005846457,0.001090808,0.001219489,0.0005617651,0.00007859805],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002575761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002308585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09695293,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09045964,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999773,0.00008503317,0.00001456137,0.00005836847,0.0000298634,0.00003913785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996523,0.0001117632,0.00006349668,0.00001994041,0.00009687491,0.00005561684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003323935,0.00007822546,0.0268418,0.00002479159,0.0001298731,0.000102957,0.0001440225,0.9493498,0.001503299,0.01415182,0.0006672496,0.006972808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009871363,0.00001904227,0.005272304,0.00001048516,0.00001988546,0.000006360564,0.000120638,0.9898831,0.000262022,0.003702007,0.0006812952,0.00001301206],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.8863648,0.0003303136,0.09782909,0.001637296,0.00003224194,0.0001294019,0.001379168,0.0005381791,0.01175946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9780177,0.0001097855,0.02066978,0.00004627898,0.000009789801,0.00005536745,0.0003459296,0.00003685936,0.0007084103],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.09695293,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1927772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009633831887729035,"score_gpt":0.2392655515921686,"score_spread":0.2296317197044396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}