{"id":"W4412383593","doi":"10.13005/bpj/3171","title":"Automated Brain Tumor Detection with Advanced Machine Learning Techniques","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal","topic":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kwantlen Polytechnic University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Brain tumor; Machine learning; Medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001246373,0.0007993265,0.0008719816,0.003005169,0.0003573752,0.001014162,0.0008420661,0.0008221231,0.001612504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002541048,0.0003043512,0.0008208867,0.001595721,0.0003676066,0.001103395,0.0006268558,0.0008899181,0.001598607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004135863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006085276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001563723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001955197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988924,0.0003028586,0.00007840499,0.0002192485,0.0004223963,0.00008485156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989142,0.0004438602,0.0001674094,0.0001397012,0.0003097339,0.00002500285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001032585,0.0001525887,0.005792547,0.0002799765,0.0001094304,0.0001108049,0.00006699542,0.03289622,0.04068165,0.003486551,0.003593124,0.9127268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000203857,0.0002046603,0.01091,0.00008776412,0.00008321767,0.0007882028,0.0001053082,0.9075791,0.05318852,0.01633883,0.01061376,0.00008030802],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02318912,0.002381591,0.9700571,0.0002840924,0.000065874,0.00009805261,0.0002273365,0.001936344,0.001760466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2798901,0.001839124,0.7150837,0.0001393305,0.0001180026,0.0001236171,0.0005887392,0.00008746084,0.002129875],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003005169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006591558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01329822692043587,"score_gpt":0.3227952230395444,"score_spread":0.3094969961191086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}