{"id":"W4412404454","doi":"10.1109/tifs.2025.3589008","title":"FOADA: Toward Robust Open-World Mobile App Fingerprinting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003710134,0.0001569229,0.0001998575,0.0003394119,0.000410777,0.0008467562,0.0005669342,0.00007761383,0.0000269178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006874513,0.0001554422,0.00007375393,0.0006553821,0.0000503437,0.002047338,0.00002482379,0.0002481951,0.00004636957],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005452404,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008407979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001089443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001169078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988414,0.00004239484,0.0004757727,0.0002147342,0.0002186791,0.0002070009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991058,0.00007976963,0.0001301171,0.0004201755,0.0001750784,0.00008910951],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006207976,0.000339212,0.0001090349,0.0005113191,0.0001846635,0.000001780305,0.1181152,0.003548068,0.00003170294,0.5093178,0.007985123,0.3597939],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00137811,0.0001023094,0.0002994025,0.0001687362,0.00003313561,0.00001099102,0.001279562,0.8512476,0.003225256,0.02349277,0.1182762,0.0004859068],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006877704,0.00003552173,0.9841339,0.0008097325,0.0009685003,0.0005439484,0.00002023839,0.0001890519,0.006421423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952575,0.00003680219,0.002837039,0.001395173,0.00001119104,0.00009998606,0.000006873105,0.000004046562,0.0003513903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9883798,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8165289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0175620763301906,"score_gpt":0.2510692596947295,"score_spread":0.2335071833645389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}