{"id":"W4412413363","doi":"10.2196/78663","title":"Placebo, Nocebo, and Machine Learning: How Generative AI Could Shape Patient Perception in Mental Health Care","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Mental Health","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Preprint; Nocebo; Psychology; Mental healthcare; Placebo; Medicine; Psychotherapist; Mental health; Alternative medicine; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009114596,0.0002728893,0.0003297506,0.000275932,0.0007064709,0.0001031776,0.0001343676,0.00006656079,0.00007487986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005409486,0.0002620561,0.00004985953,0.000359835,0.00008643087,0.0002095536,0.0001629342,0.0004559229,0.00001898735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001009999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001558553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003477486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006855933,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961927,0.001965993,0.0003085231,0.0006403533,0.0003467955,0.0005456449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993318,0.0001606393,0.0001612798,0.0001558915,0.00001225122,0.0001781836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002618574,0.0009110062,0.08177374,0.002356524,0.00003378329,0.00002958087,0.09539162,0.0001370759,0.02507214,0.001324178,0.1331793,0.6571724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01936207,0.008964808,0.07965725,0.001698808,0.00002001132,0.00004320963,0.04391242,0.2952497,0.007259891,0.0001320501,0.5417165,0.0019833],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.934009,0.001712966,0.0002501548,0.05499284,0.0008132686,0.005929833,0.0002173043,0.0001880172,0.001886675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799405,0.001046843,0.0001156676,0.01714731,0.00003970709,0.0001691365,0.0002315052,0.00002044686,0.001288874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6551892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999832,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02028266939914106,"score_gpt":0.3257333814206231,"score_spread":0.305450712021482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}