{"id":"W4412422713","doi":"10.3390/s25144402","title":"Development of an AI-Empowered Novel Digital Monitoring System for Inhalation Flow Profiles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sensors","topic":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inhalation; Airflow; Computer science; Biomedical engineering; Volumetric flow rate; Medicine; Simulation; Anesthesia; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006665597,0.0004521103,0.0005616808,0.0006452359,0.0002147648,0.0006685303,0.001010892,0.0008494241,0.001793601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001174073,0.0003055117,0.0003598901,0.0003907718,0.0002585489,0.001028938,0.0006898972,0.0005823961,0.0007096636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002741649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004806735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004497339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000524164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994598,0.0000557208,0.00004922415,0.0001404866,0.0002630865,0.00003172169],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995978,0.0001025507,0.00008363109,0.00004458998,0.0001448418,0.00002644155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003698425,0.000262838,0.004292327,0.0007083414,0.00005857894,0.0003458903,0.000181752,0.004899495,0.7319311,0.002074837,0.003606298,0.2512686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000144817,0.0018015,0.009881543,0.0001013307,0.0001935258,0.001437869,0.00009932572,0.3057867,0.6475298,0.001221021,0.03159307,0.0002095067],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.147589,0.002557121,0.8341982,0.0009907051,0.0007354036,0.0006863998,0.0009624068,0.005378678,0.006902173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6286988,0.001256673,0.3617319,0.001077946,0.0002526274,0.0006809325,0.0004861688,0.00009771626,0.005717212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001793601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006000161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02196213911300659,"score_gpt":0.2975881723756705,"score_spread":0.2756260332626639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}