{"id":"W4412436061","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108305","title":"Surface modification of hydroxyapatite-metakaolin geopolymer granules via acid treatment: Enhanced porosity and improved efficiency in toxic metal and dye removal from water","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","topic":"Recycling and Waste Management Techniques","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Particle Physics","funders":"Oulun Yliopisto","keywords":"Metakaolin; Geopolymer; Porosity; Surface modification; Metal; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Composite material; Metallurgy; Compressive strength","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001118515,0.0002201078,0.0002222697,0.0001815101,0.0001134137,0.0002987965,0.0002016805,0.0003499126,0.0005003275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001533406,0.0001540825,0.0002656276,0.0001549119,0.0002225197,0.0001978879,0.0001860472,0.000309825,0.0001364877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001458921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001511467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005844836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001016202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999073,0.00000903037,0.000008222716,0.0000147553,0.00003245406,0.00002830148],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999918,0.0000178035,0.00002649741,0.0000075823,0.00001340817,0.00001685486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000580474,0.000009687281,0.00007342485,0.0000257038,0.000002736032,0.00004018886,0.00001103124,0.00008765924,0.9986267,0.00003198225,0.00001011726,0.001022761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008655423,0.0000981625,0.001601039,0.000001931757,0.000009958645,0.00007145404,0.00001494498,0.0007465196,0.9970626,0.00001512341,0.0003640231,0.000005555151],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978898,0.0004164606,0.00115322,0.00001852997,0.00001480588,0.00000644561,0.00003234308,0.0000278911,0.0004406256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998861,0.0001286552,0.0005174836,0.000007780095,0.00000275384,0.000004045205,0.00002269235,0.000005620899,0.0004500576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005844836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001673758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005073699478517541,"score_gpt":0.2157030925679676,"score_spread":0.2106293930894501,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}