{"id":"W4412437778","doi":"10.52292/j.laar.2025.3614","title":"Automated brain tumor segmentation with deep learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Latin American Applied Research - An international journal","topic":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Horizon College and Seminary","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Segmentation; Deep learning; Computer science; Pattern recognition (psychology); Natural language processing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009872991,0.0001398822,0.0001445932,0.0007402628,0.0006914351,0.0006268483,0.0006344168,0.00002785631,0.0003205897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007694055,0.0001200872,0.00004075092,0.001201085,0.0005557844,0.0002904426,0.00008186557,0.001080632,0.00008980156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003772982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002086431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005066659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000292169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969029,0.0006231125,0.0003327074,0.0004220035,0.001337539,0.0003817035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984359,0.0005817626,0.0002738242,0.0001747257,0.0003576768,0.0001761049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007857105,0.000246505,0.002634659,0.000007287786,0.00005092892,0.00009460385,0.0009711256,0.002383059,0.7392163,0.01949463,0.001090764,0.2330244],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006015061,0.001788083,0.1565195,0.00020026,0.00002745031,0.0008092039,0.02553067,0.33852,0.4267341,0.005089823,0.03777626,0.0009896306],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9226291,0.000005198871,0.0193444,0.005778232,0.0003749846,0.0004375594,0.000005476678,0.0005605269,0.05086455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938925,0.00002370031,0.002203682,0.001624699,0.0001905258,0.00006971787,0.00001097151,0.00002399577,0.00196019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.336137,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6044712,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04305009669315276,"score_gpt":0.3897445558254418,"score_spread":0.346694459132289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}