{"id":"W4412441210","doi":"10.1016/j.ecns.2025.101780","title":"Comparing artificial intelligence-enhanced virtual reality and simulated patient simulations in undergraduate nursing education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Simulation in Nursing","topic":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Virtual reality; Nursing; Psychology; Virtual patient; Medical education; Nurse education; Human–computer interaction; Computer science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002214912,0.0003771966,0.0004009309,0.0005161232,0.0001826436,0.001175679,0.0007007482,0.0007621261,0.002941621],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01885413,0.0002119165,0.0003849414,0.0003619443,0.0003564641,0.0007609458,0.0008777204,0.0005261969,0.0003442692],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007872244,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009023495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002583659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001782909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982747,0.001167177,0.0001163421,0.0001043136,0.0002367184,0.0001007208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9876873,0.01018716,0.0004059063,0.0003902089,0.0008573358,0.0004720537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04234739,0.01939795,0.03382476,0.001180604,0.0007280104,0.0003628237,0.00270356,0.611936,0.0167809,0.007220702,0.001954881,0.2615625],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002408581,0.03761801,0.04320331,0.0002971256,0.0004861215,0.0004293147,0.001935141,0.8861329,0.01487466,0.005574445,0.006825964,0.0002144573],"study_design_candidate":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858667,0.0002192432,0.009067589,0.0001581377,0.00007363371,0.0001519185,0.00009505974,0.00009074643,0.004276779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947166,0.000135724,0.00422455,0.00004617979,0.000009195864,0.00007531584,0.0001123141,0.00001302501,0.0006671176],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002941621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01171368,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1358849917436497,"score_gpt":0.5171424460796975,"score_spread":0.3812574543360479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}