{"id":"W4412441414","doi":"10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100840","title":"Learning associations of COVID-19 hospitalizations with wastewater viral signals by Markov modulated models","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Epidemics","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ottawa; University of Waterloo; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute; Centre Hospitalier pour Enfants de l'est de l'Ontario","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Virology; Coronavirus Infections; Pandemic; Betacoronavirus; Medicine; Geography; Biology; Computational biology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Internal medicine; Disease; Outbreak","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003890051,0.0009750834,0.001168878,0.001266793,0.000396189,0.001273007,0.001317147,0.001442821,0.002407278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01125783,0.0006895455,0.00161957,0.0008779583,0.0007826836,0.001073082,0.0009119601,0.002241253,0.0004515083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001255361,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001288794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02222721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02109158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988114,0.0005686077,0.00006012385,0.0003356749,0.0000734495,0.000150753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898891,0.008449046,0.0008277851,0.0002833142,0.0003285039,0.0002223112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007071277,0.0003743763,0.08695321,0.0001196585,0.0004143599,0.0002623771,0.0002740249,0.8243287,0.001078599,0.01762239,0.002817788,0.06504743],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002525145,0.00004765333,0.003267058,0.00001564788,0.00003379086,0.00001525856,0.000020459,0.9894457,0.0001180056,0.006737479,0.0002602887,0.00001334408],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6444081,0.00126482,0.3467644,0.002570764,0.0001800097,0.0001670368,0.001824686,0.0004967106,0.002323485],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9772161,0.0004385923,0.01736944,0.0002568733,0.0001280533,0.0001089288,0.001636126,0.00002566589,0.002820318],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02222721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04419565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03446743231460422,"score_gpt":0.3178566604354281,"score_spread":0.2833892281208239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}