{"id":"W4412442094","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134308","title":"Investigation of PFAS rejection by closed-circuit reverse osmosis and nanofiltration and sorption to treatment materials during groundwater treatment: a pilot demonstration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"GDG Environnement","funders":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Reverse osmosis; Sorption; Water treatment; Groundwater; Closed circuit; Environmental science; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Membrane; Chemistry; Engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Adsorption","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004507955,0.0004413796,0.0004279785,0.00014396,0.0003275996,0.0003335102,0.0003692334,0.000610213,0.0006674776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006021606,0.0001591535,0.0004384097,0.0001604335,0.0002717792,0.0005108821,0.0003120867,0.0004756076,0.0002103194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003759086,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002565824,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002467707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002602087,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997012,0.00004770701,0.00001881692,0.00006615476,0.0001040453,0.00006206941],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997911,0.00007081646,0.00004276858,0.00001514537,0.00006365224,0.00001655162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009496066,0.00004015185,0.0003161852,0.00003804813,0.000004242112,0.00003384658,0.00003526593,0.00009304911,0.9977261,0.00001057445,0.00001358544,0.001593955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009041762,0.000675627,0.001859994,0.000003494211,0.00001103041,0.00007002799,0.0000403393,0.0008097099,0.9961514,0.00001109281,0.0003517169,0.000006411356],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974093,0.0000971414,0.002117558,0.00002466704,0.000007870205,0.00003740741,0.00007705425,0.00004173241,0.000187326],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941359,0.0002444955,0.004631052,0.00003730317,0.000006932482,0.00005193786,0.0001220624,0.00002159825,0.0007488269],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002467707,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004906654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02232073713199237,"score_gpt":0.2740898190336446,"score_spread":0.2517690819016522,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}