{"id":"W4412449823","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205731","title":"Proxy model-driven optimization of CO2 operating condition and hydraulic fracturing design for maximizing EGR-CCS performance in the Duvernay shale formation, Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Gas Science and Engineering","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"Energy and Mineral Resources Development Association of Korea; Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Shale gas; Oil shale; Proxy (statistics); Petroleum engineering; Geology; Environmental science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005662671,0.0005367474,0.0006586582,0.0004464609,0.0006624683,0.001346548,0.0007659967,0.000871017,0.001237734],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009790866,0.0003905011,0.0003634764,0.0003741657,0.0007180038,0.0004658297,0.0005096365,0.0004186821,0.0001201994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004452102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006192395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3611449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4208361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998809,0.00002476592,0.00000389185,0.00002278502,0.00002279363,0.00004485441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999684,0.0001477781,0.00002734258,0.00001566307,0.00008743245,0.00003786845],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003723188,0.00001816613,0.0007775884,0.00001047304,0.000004928705,0.00001792585,0.000009188998,0.9968922,0.0007694504,0.0002990284,0.000102983,0.001060882],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001329529,0.00001723915,0.0005751192,0.000001688556,0.000003782001,0.000001777548,0.0000231232,0.9985124,0.0006645746,0.0001066384,0.00007495769,0.000005283126],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9772111,0.0001297858,0.01532263,0.0002737665,0.0000144874,0.00005753707,0.0003744711,0.0002129706,0.006403305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998168,0.00001647917,0.001222954,0.000009222597,9.446966e-7,0.000008971626,0.00005947772,0.00001083248,0.0005030942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6388551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7180856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007387263270311506,"score_gpt":0.1973197300787699,"score_spread":0.1899324668084584,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}