{"id":"W4412468738","doi":"10.1007/s10844-025-00964-2","title":"Leveraging large language models, graph neural networks, and explainable AI for revolutionizing the next-generation network intrusion detection systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Intrusion detection system; Graph; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural network; Theoretical computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002633504,0.0001744646,0.000275994,0.0003781846,0.0009238435,0.001340557,0.0003790566,0.0001377561,9.112852e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007128295,0.0001295352,0.0001263349,0.0007544488,0.00002167279,0.004742557,0.0001237598,0.0003662507,0.000001428627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002017349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000054516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009687457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001644044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977448,0.0002427304,0.001198364,0.0001386454,0.0003545336,0.000320926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978665,0.0001712984,0.0008951029,0.0002634892,0.000732681,0.00007089422],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004664215,0.00001177066,0.00001605759,0.0001090621,0.00004250606,6.808311e-7,0.001589177,0.9391801,0.00007101266,0.03176634,0.003643444,0.02352325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003090782,0.0001105611,0.0000111596,0.0002644354,0.00002316218,0.0001348327,0.002863429,0.9760066,0.0001765198,0.0004923978,0.01948786,0.0001199492],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01108775,0.00798126,0.9730623,0.0003169743,0.006740188,0.0006516521,0.00000140923,0.00005570554,0.0001027989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972518,0.0007234772,0.0004548799,0.0004787635,0.0009823681,0.00004544931,0.000008182206,0.000006402983,0.0000486842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.986164,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996961,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03068257555907937,"score_gpt":0.2456461130529806,"score_spread":0.2149635374939012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}