{"id":"W4412470980","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111946","title":"A survey on model-based and data-driven operational optimization approaches for integrated energy systems in smart cities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electric Power Systems Research","topic":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","keywords":"Computer science; Systems engineering; Energy (signal processing); Data science; Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002817167,0.0002829715,0.0004355933,0.001741932,0.0001857937,0.0004206352,0.000496318,0.0003119195,0.000002665811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004225496,0.0002662456,0.000027016,0.00208096,0.00004875917,0.0002668159,0.00005399223,0.000391617,0.000001978176],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007146678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005620992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003881125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006992065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968006,0.0008522691,0.0006340847,0.0005982508,0.0005160928,0.0005986841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978537,0.0007418215,0.00004945085,0.0006176179,0.0006567068,0.00008072429],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000891672,0.00004351999,0.000226074,0.000190482,0.00007417765,0.000001532619,0.00005467033,0.982723,0.00007160629,0.007640427,0.008745818,0.0001395265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006413782,0.00009296601,0.000107081,0.0003243834,0.000005679756,0.000001718729,0.0001253539,0.9975275,0.0001203116,0.00001210475,0.0008184323,0.0002230315],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003187239,0.003209752,0.9883677,0.00004391455,0.0005935783,0.001210354,0.0002718308,0.0001965656,0.002919041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941983,0.00008528087,0.0006648828,0.00001316044,0.00003547548,0.000954151,0.002258212,0.00006847205,0.001722032],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9910111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07547310997526613,"score_gpt":0.3038197398551538,"score_spread":0.2283466298798876,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}