{"id":"W4412474964","doi":"10.1177/02676583251339901","title":"Such sweet thunder","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Second language Research","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Linguistics; Restructuring; Phonology; Rule-based machine translation; Theoretical linguistics; Natural (archaeology); Phonetics; Hierarchy; Mental representation; Computer science; Variation (astronomy); Psychology; Cognition; Philosophy; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002088974,0.0001233546,0.0001962206,0.0006555411,0.0002503602,0.00008319334,0.0006791163,0.0002465117,0.04786881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001794622,0.0001115556,0.00007054539,0.0009917106,0.0003813897,0.00003927567,0.0003243364,0.001217859,0.003434883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000711688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002111497,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001015084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007656007,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972404,0.000693785,0.0002036744,0.000482691,0.0003693805,0.001010089],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981739,0.0006022318,0.00001777441,0.0008789204,0.0001870072,0.0001401996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000766031,0.0007439196,0.005928914,0.0002213142,0.0006631439,0.0009689479,0.04330673,8.33464e-7,0.05893073,0.09967922,0.6598274,0.1289628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00538338,0.00114103,0.4314732,0.0001591249,0.00002861567,0.00009552788,0.05525281,0.0001110624,0.03412664,0.04170442,0.4296307,0.0008934634],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5517598,0.005358521,0.00003614932,0.0009964156,0.0003745701,0.0002398113,0.00001967659,0.00004260324,0.4411724],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7843847,0.00002266555,0.00002788698,0.0003527784,0.0001240642,0.00008704773,0.00001490234,0.00001653364,0.2149694],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4255443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.997341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06980783914374228,"score_gpt":0.4824396888164842,"score_spread":0.4126318496727419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}