{"id":"W4412479188","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09201-w","title":"Global terrestrial nitrogen fixation and its modification by agriculture","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrogen fixation; Agriculture; Nitrogen; Environmental science; Nitrogen cycle; Fixation (population genetics); Agroforestry; Natural resource economics; Agronomy; Chemistry; Biology; Ecology; Economics; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004677858,0.0005139913,0.0002954877,0.0006930435,0.0001959736,0.0004177624,0.0003689226,0.0003281654,0.00104629],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001124254,0.000127124,0.0003676973,0.001391259,0.0005447885,0.0006850087,0.0006175746,0.0002185511,0.0002468115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006124519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001935272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008144693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006714782,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997658,0.00003546639,0.00001276385,0.0001281394,0.00002905901,0.00002874732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994749,0.0001097968,0.0002300019,0.00007339197,0.00007712941,0.00003490038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001514997,0.00001888274,0.9161634,0.0002907618,0.0005106786,0.0001473568,0.0001484298,0.00780761,0.02549389,0.002027206,0.001007036,0.04623329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004160271,0.00002825714,0.9917209,0.00001816941,0.00004283951,0.00008360058,0.00005535487,0.003492697,0.0008079455,0.001636319,0.002100086,0.000009624869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.970042,0.01238894,0.006004115,0.0005600813,0.00004787678,0.00001336114,0.003806242,0.0001630904,0.006974241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968502,0.001237795,0.0008789057,0.00009148447,0.00001941365,0.000009287992,0.0007640294,0.00001769638,0.0001313279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008144693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01619458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00804366850513095,"score_gpt":0.2391728191718538,"score_spread":0.2311291506667228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}