{"id":"W4412492416","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126841","title":"Downstream water quality impacts persist despite mountaintop coal mine reclamation in the Canadian Rocky Mountains","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Island University; Government of Alberta","funders":"Government of Alberta","keywords":"Land reclamation; Environmental science; Water quality; Coal mining; Tributary; Coal; Surface mining; Environmental protection; Downstream (manufacturing); Aquatic ecosystem; Hydrology (agriculture); Ecology; Waste management; Geology; Geography; Oceanography; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003178916,0.0002022769,0.0003013182,0.0008950461,0.002838772,0.001466444,0.0006796838,0.0003786377,0.000747988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007969901,0.000135859,0.0002507032,0.001959629,0.001065521,0.0003992814,0.0008281478,0.000435609,0.00007967331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01871828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0256984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9872257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9967726,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993172,0.00002451668,0.00001763724,0.00008740403,0.0003468842,0.0002063428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998904,0.00004116433,0.000113808,0.00002501423,0.0007927798,0.0001231216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002876071,0.0000621587,0.855538,0.0002687761,0.0001545625,0.001391769,0.006682937,0.001402592,0.01725699,0.0008105826,0.004308257,0.1118358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003675626,0.00002822026,0.9869624,0.00003015461,0.00004191698,0.0000924132,0.004793074,0.0002569473,0.00100399,0.0000887495,0.006681041,0.00001743662],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909704,0.001424968,0.0002609674,0.0006086758,0.00001389602,0.00002227775,0.00073085,0.00005078777,0.005917181],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954987,0.001001258,0.000437132,0.000194106,0.000005382317,0.000008416145,0.0004983202,0.000007374386,0.002349231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01871828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1358113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01125414778681743,"score_gpt":0.2151508646501829,"score_spread":0.2038967168633655,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}