{"id":"W4412523902","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136280","title":"Advances and challenges in photocatalytic water splitting: recent developments and trends","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","field":"Energy","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore","keywords":"Photocatalysis; Water splitting; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Physics; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001515507,0.0001553321,0.0002146643,0.0002580869,0.00003983608,0.00001817347,0.0001016979,0.00006979593,0.00003437145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002939614,0.0001244527,0.00001494539,0.0001864309,0.00005965053,0.0001656606,0.0001497275,0.00009637208,0.000006243687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000527453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009139751,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004633509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006005739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990531,0.00002512575,0.0002307083,0.0003659398,0.00008402155,0.0002410765],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996525,0.00004303702,0.00003219646,0.000208362,0.00002266207,0.00004125023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004652997,0.00005360798,0.001374878,0.0002818764,0.00002346833,0.000009663666,0.001054832,0.000007687803,0.002127266,0.002287167,0.00003298214,0.9927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000703116,0.00003609867,0.006715806,0.0001596014,0.00001830404,0.000005742284,0.0003710426,0.00006051634,0.1306911,0.02571323,0.8352267,0.000298781],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2858759,0.11921,0.0002420258,0.004197472,0.0003612973,0.001003947,0.000008086107,0.000738467,0.5883629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9201329,0.0737818,0.003850807,0.0001556845,0.00001599082,0.000207823,0.00003308168,0.00002188415,0.001800033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9924012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5075033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03096264519235649,"score_gpt":0.2902161939583043,"score_spread":0.2592535487659479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}