{"id":"W4412532612","doi":"10.1162/imag.a.98","title":"EPISeg: Automated segmentation of the spinal cord on echo planar images using open-access multi-center data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Imaging Neuroscience","topic":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine; McGill University; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé; National Science Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Institut de Valorisation des Données; National Institutes of Health; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Polytechnique Montréal; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Center for Bio-Inspired Energy Science, Northwestern University; Craig H. Neilsen Foundation","keywords":"Segmentation; Echo (communications protocol); Center (category theory); Planar; Echo-planar imaging; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Spinal cord; Computer science; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging; Radiology; Computer graphics (images); Chemistry; Computer network","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002265473,0.000116282,0.0001391312,0.0001262678,0.0001545257,0.0003855321,0.002285253,0.00001173345,0.000003489285],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002025087,0.00008869867,0.00002791631,0.0007544704,0.0001660098,0.0007823053,0.0006238354,0.000143317,0.000001879791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003397994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004628738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001291968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002594136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998943,0.00005344024,0.000222259,0.0003377348,0.0002379567,0.0002055897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992167,0.00002625826,0.00006371122,0.0006189353,0.00002878898,0.00004555958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000248589,0.0003124527,0.07789893,0.0002375144,0.00002222729,0.00003653227,0.0000592057,0.0227856,0.8490735,0.00004006088,0.01039902,0.03911008],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003349491,0.000005683491,0.01923659,0.0002719821,0.00002340962,0.00000532356,0.00001554319,0.9563611,0.02331783,0.00001501263,0.0003230537,0.00008957961],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6098248,0.0003120741,0.3780141,0.003283955,0.004772648,0.000719447,0.0002646246,0.001111898,0.00169638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969249,0.00001775961,0.00195761,0.001013177,0.00001224522,0.000002821821,0.000006054372,0.00001030587,0.00005510434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9335755,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4246607,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1190755853448365,"score_gpt":0.4353025166983773,"score_spread":0.3162269313535407,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}