{"id":"W4412549018","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132514","title":"Superior wear performance of titanium alloys from TiN coatings and ultrafine-grained gradient structures","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surface and Coatings Technology","topic":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"MD Precision (Canada)","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Tin; Materials science; Metallurgy; Titanium; Titanium alloy; Alloy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001454567,0.0002558922,0.0003066231,0.0003315014,0.000265497,0.000566621,0.0004964214,0.0003571562,0.000894403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004655274,0.0001518568,0.0002037043,0.0002311705,0.0001638792,0.0002596999,0.0002189025,0.0001947216,0.0002807535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003742094,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002470168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002176723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005430365,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998129,0.000009598663,0.000009361621,0.00002610641,0.00009464827,0.00004737003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999828,0.00001948545,0.00002935244,0.00001753196,0.00008175156,0.00002389097],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004050971,0.00001793683,0.0009526694,0.00008578462,0.00001390688,0.00007102753,0.00005690331,0.0003948479,0.9935318,0.0001214348,0.0001458736,0.004202724],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002209514,0.0005112438,0.00593159,0.00000752653,0.00002824147,0.000127965,0.00006789626,0.004196227,0.9878322,0.00003228025,0.001229853,0.00001278698],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979832,0.0006766858,0.0004150242,0.0000157347,0.00003310853,0.000003654821,0.00003303656,0.00003313115,0.0008065336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977844,0.0001633766,0.0005157359,0.000007618449,0.000006627298,0.00000188144,0.00006879818,0.0000132275,0.001438294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002176723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004328072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00441592774694944,"score_gpt":0.1882515577744522,"score_spread":0.1838356300275027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}